沉默的魄力

标签： Photo  Tampering  Throughout  History（1） 

    September 2007: British Culture Secretary James Purnell (far right) was digitally inserted into this photo at the opening of Tameside hospital in Lancashire. Purnell arrived late to the opening and the hospital asked if it could add his image to their record of the event. The hospital said in a statement: "As we would not be able to stage a repeat of this historic day for the hospital, we decided to take a photograph of Mr Purnell in the same spot very shortly after and merge it with the earlier photograph, to which Mr. Purnell kindly consented." A Purnell spokeswoman denied that he agreed to the picture being doctored. "He was assured they would show the three MPs in one picture and have him separately in the corner."     September 2007: Mikhail Delyagin was (mostly) digitally removed from a video after he made remarks critical of Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin. Shown here is a still frame from video of the television show "The People Want to Know". Only part of Delyagin was completely removed -- his leg and hand remain visible to the right of the man holding the microphone.    

    November 2007: Zhou Zhenglong from Shaanxi China claimed to have taken 71 photographs of the almost extinct South China tiger. Shown here is one image that was released to the public. Shortly after its release, it was determined that this image was a fake -- the most likely scenario is that the photograph is that of a life-size poster. This animation shows that the poster and photograph are nearly identical.

    November 2007: A study by Dario Sacchi, Franca Agnoli and Elizabeth Loftus, published in the journal Applied Cognitive Psychology , shows that people's memories of events can be altered by viewing doctored images. For example, when presented with doctored images of the 1989 Tiananmen Square protest participants recalled the event as larger and more violent (shown in the lower panel is the doctored image in which the crowd was added).     November 2007: Artists Nora Ligorano and Marshall Reese created the exhibit "Line Up" depicting doctored photographs of George W. Bush and members of his administration. The exhibit, being shown at the New York City Public Library, is critical of the war in Iraq. "It is simply inappropriate to have political attack art, in the form of egregious doctored photographs of the President and other high-ranking officials who have dedicated their lives to public service, in a taxpayer-funded building frequented by schoolchildren and the general public," said Matthew Walter, director of communications for the state GOP. In response, Roberta Waddell, curator of the library's print collection, said the exhibit was in keeping with a historical tradition, calling the exhibit a relevant example of political commentary.    December 2007: The Asbury Park Press published this doctored photo of New Jersey Governor Jon Corzine as part of a story critical of Corzine's financial restructuring plans. In a letter to the Press , Corzine's chief of staff, wrote, in part, "Images that are nothing more than editorial cartoons morphed into photographs are fine -- for the editorial page. But placement of such images on the front page of the Sunday edition demonstrates a disregard for objective reporting." The Press's executive editor said that the photo did not blur the line between news reporting and editorial commentary. "That wasn't what we were trying to do," he said. "We were just trying to frame the story for readers. We were doing it in a way that was a little edgy, and in a way that would grab your attention."     January 2008: Taiwan's newspaper Liberty Times published this doctored photo of a delegation, led by the chairman of the Franz Collection, being met by the Pope. In the original photo , Wang Shaw-lan, a publisher of competing newspaper United Daily News , was removed. A Liberty Times reporter said that she removed Wang whom she said was "not an essential presence" and in order to shrink the picture for "better display". Later, Liberty Times said that the doctored picture came from the Franz Collection, but a Franz Collection spokesman said the newspaper had asked it to airbrush out Wang.    

    January 2008: This brochure of Texas Republican Congressional candidate Dean Hrbacek was mailed to voters. The photograph is a composite of Hrbacek's head and another person's (slimmer) body. Campaign manager Scott Broschart acknowledged that the image is a composite. Hrbacek has been so busy that he had no time to pose for a full-length photo for the mailing, Broschart said. "He may appreciate that we took a few pounds off him," Broschart said. "I think the voters ... are more concerned with the issues as opposed to pretty photo shoots."

 

   

    January 2008: This magazine cover featuring pop star Britney Spears is a composite of her head and a model's body. The magazine cover states " Truthiness Alert: This cover image is a composite photo. Britney did not pose for this picture. That, sadly, is not her body."

   

    February 2008: This photograph, by Liu Weiqiang of the Daqing Evening News, won an award for "one of the ten most impressive news photos of 2006". This photograph was recently revealed to be a composite of two separate photographs: the antelopes and the train. Weiqiang says that he never published the picture as a news photograph. Weiqiang also wrote in his blog, "I admit it's unfaithful, as well as immoral for a photographer to present a fabricated picture. I'm truly sorry."

    July 2008: In response to a New York Times story that suggested the FOX network’s ratings might be slipping, the co-hosts of “Fox & Friends” broadcasted photos of Times reporter Jacques Steinberg and editor Steven Reddicliffe. The photos were doctored to make the journalist appear less attractive. A FOX spokeswoman said the executive in charge of “Fox and Friends” is on vacation and not available for comment but added that altering photos for humorous effect is a common practice on cable news stations.   

    July 2008: This image of an Iranian missile test appeared on the front page of the New York Times, Los Angeles Times, BBC News, Chicago Tribune , and others. The image is from the web site of Sepah News , the media arm of Iran's Revolutionary Guards. After the publication of this photo, it was revealed that the second missile from the right was digitally added to the image in order to conceal a missile on the ground that did not fire.

   

    July 2008: This photo of Britian's Prince William appeared on the pages of The Sun . A person in the back of the boat was digitally removed from this photo (except for their knee). The Metro ran the unaltered photo , as did the on-line version of The Sun .

   

    August 2008: Chris Myers, the Republican candidate for the US House of Representatives, is criticizing his opponent, John Adler, and the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee for a doctored photo that appeared on a campaign mailer produced by the DCCC. The mailer includes a photo that appears to show Myers walking with President George W. Bush. Myers said he has never met the president.

   

    September 2008: After publishing photos of two deceased United States soldiers, the Associated Press retracted the photos after learning that one of the photos was digitally altered. Shown here are the photos, where the photo on the left is a composite of this soldier's head and the body of the soldier on the right. The photos were released by the US Army at Fort Stewart in Georgia.